Valencia, a city renowned for its rich history and vibrant culture, is presently marking a profound anniversary: 550 years since its pivotal role in the birth of modern chess. This significant milestone, spanning from 1475 to 2025, highlights Valencia`s claim as the “Cradle of Modern Chess,” primarily through revolutionary changes to the game`s rules that occurred within its walls.
At the heart of this claim lies the introduction of the powerful modern queen. Prior to this, the piece now known as the queen possessed limited movement, a stark contrast to its current formidable capabilities. The transformation, granting the queen its sweeping diagonal and orthogonal powers, dramatically altered the game`s strategy and dynamics. This pivotal change was notably documented in the Valencian poem “Scachs d’amor” (Chess of Love) around 1475, a collaborative work by local poets Bernat Fenollar, Narcís Vinyoles, and Francí de Castellví.
Further solidifying Valencia`s historical claim, the first known book detailing these new rules of “Axedres de la Dama” (Chess of the Queen) was printed in Valencia on May 15, 1495. Penned by Francesch Vicent from Segorbe, this publication was a foundational text for the modern game as it spread across Europe.
Official Recognition: A Day for Chess
In a move underscoring this deep historical connection, the Valencian Parliament formally decreed May 15th as the official Chess Day within the Autonomous Community of Valencia. Discussed and unanimously supported by all political groups, this initiative recognizes both the significance of Valencia`s contribution to chess history and the broader educational and cognitive benefits of the game. It serves as a lasting tribute to a heritage that fundamentally changed one of the world`s most popular intellectual pursuits.
A Champion`s Pilgrimage: Viswanathan Anand Visits Valencia
Adding significant weight to the anniversary celebrations, five-time World Chess Champion Viswanathan Anand, a living legend and currently Deputy President of the International Chess Federation (FIDE), visited Valencia on May 15th and 16th. His presence was one of the most anticipated highlights of the anniversary year.
Anand`s itinerary was packed, reflecting the importance of the occasion. He was officially welcomed by Valencia`s Mayor, María José Catalá, who expressed pride in hosting such a distinguished figure. Discussions touched upon future collaborations between Valencia and FIDE to raise global awareness of the city`s unique place in chess history.
A key part of his visit was a tour of the permanent exhibition “Valencia, origin of modern chess, 1475” at the Petxina Sports and Culture Complex. Guided by researcher José A. Garzón, Anand viewed reproductions of key historical documents, including those related to “Scachs d’amor” and Francesch Vicent`s 1495 book, physically connecting with the evidence of Valencia`s legacy. He also had the opportunity to view a copy of the 1561 book by Spanish master Ruy López de Segura, held at the University of Valencia, further linking past grandmasters to the game`s evolution.
Anand also experienced the city`s cultural richness, visiting historical sites such as the Cathedral, the Silk Exchange, and the Church of San Nicolás. His interaction with the public was notably warm and generous, with numerous fans receiving autographs and photos, cementing his role as a superb ambassador for chess and its values.
Masterclass at the University: Bridging Eras
The commemorative visit culminated in a masterclass by GM Anand at the packed Aula Magna of the La Nau Cultural Centre at the University of Valencia. Moderated by Ester Alba, Vice-Rector for Culture and Society, the session saw Anand analyzing some of his famous games, engaging the audience by inviting suggestions in critical positions – a fascinating insight into a champion`s thought process.
Significantly, Anand discussed the Ruy López opening (also known as the Spanish Opening), highlighting its value for learning strategy and technique. This discussion, paired with viewing the historical Ruy López book copy, created a tangible link between contemporary high-level play and the historical development of the game rooted in Spain.
Viswanathan Anand`s visit left an indelible impression on Valencia. His presence underscored the city`s historical significance in the evolution of chess and strengthened the symbolic ties between India, where the ancient game originated, and Valencia, where it underwent a radical transformation into its modern form. The celebration of the 550th anniversary and the establishment of an official Chess Day ensure that Valencia`s unique contribution to the world of chess will be remembered and celebrated for generations to come, fostering the game`s continued growth and appreciation.
